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- LIVING, Page 93Ask a Satellite For Directions
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- Hand-held gadgets that receive signals from space make it harder
- to get lost
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- No well-prepared Boy Scout troop would wander into the
- wilderness without a compass. But Scouts may soon have a more
- sophisticated way to keep from getting lost, using a technology
- that the Army made famous during Operation Desert Storm. To find
- their bearings in the desert landscape, soldiers relied on
- hand-held electronic gadgets called Global Positioning System
- receivers. The devices, which pick up signals from a $10 billion
- network of U.S. satellites, can pinpoint a location instantly
- anywhere on the earth.
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- Civilians can buy similar products from electronics
- companies. GPS receivers steer boaters around dangerous reefs,
- track schools of bait for fishermen and help pilots avoid midair
- collisions. The price of a receiver -- $1,500 to $3,800 -- is
- steep for Scout troops but falling rapidly.
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- The concept of the Global Positioning System is simple.
- With the help of an on-board atomic clock, each satellite in
- the network continuously broadcasts a signal indicating the
- time and the spacecraft's exact position. (A total of 16
- satellites are now aloft; there will be 24, including three
- spares, when the system is completed in 1993.) A GPS receiver
- uses simultaneous readings from three different satellites to
- "fix" the user's longitude and latitude.
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- Relying on satellites rather than ground stations makes
- the system far more precise than conventional navigation
- technology. The loran systems commonly found on boats and
- airplanes, for example, are accurate only to within 100 m (330
- ft.), compared with 15 m (49 ft.) for GPS.
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- California's department of transportation is testing a GPS
- dispatching system on a tow-truck fleet in the San Francisco Bay
- area. University of Wyoming scientists plan to use GPS
- technology in a tracking collar for studying the migration
- patterns of elk. And by combining GPS with computerized maps,
- engineers are developing electronic road atlases that, installed
- in car dashboards, could one day enable a visiting motorist to
- negotiate Los Angeles' freeways without ever making a wrong
- turn.
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